Category: Research

Manuel Charr
Original paper on MuseumNext >

A website offers the chance to bring the essence of a museum to a virtual platform, but what can be done to ensure that nothing is lost in translation?

Museums are havens of knowledge, experience, and emotional resonance. Nothing quite beats the sensation of walking through a museum’s inspiring halls, but this can make projecting what makes that museum special onto a digital platform somewhat challenging.

When done well, a museum website can be hugely beneficial. Like museums themselves, these online presences should be a feast for the senses, a hub for user-generated content and an experience that showcases creativity.

It’s important for museums to ask themselves the right questions when it comes to creating a digital platform: does it reflect our identity as an organisation? Does it appeal to visitors? What does it need? What trends should we be considering and which should we ignore? What would make this site more appealing? And, of course, what mistakes should we try to avoid?

Factors like target audience, area of expertise and location can all have an impact on the way a museum website works. And while each institution’s web presence should undoubtedly feel fresh and unique, there are some things that every good museum site should do.

Let’s take a closer look.

Exhibition and collection promotions that are exciting, with direct CTAs

It’s important to think ahead when it comes to curating a museum’s website. For that’s essentially what a museum website is: an online curation; one that reflects exactly what it is that makes a particular establishment so special.

In order to do this successfully, exciting and interactive elements are necessary. Take the Yorkshire Sculpture Park in Wakefield, UK as an example. On their website, users are encouraged to take part in their interactive Sculpture Cam – allowing them to explore works from every angle and then create and share their own 3D animations.

Meanwhile, the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago website features an online gallery of tagged social media images from visitors. Website users can hover over an image and learn more about a particular exhibit, with a direct call to action (CTA) that promotes ticket sales.

CTAs are a vital end point for online content. Research by Grow & Convert suggests that powerful calls to action can increase website conversion rates by as much as 25%.

Sandro Debono
Original paper on MuseumNext >

What type of travelling exhibition models shall be sustainable in a post-COVID 19 scenario? We have come to think of the industry as being prevalently blockbuster oriented, concerned almost exclusively with moving valuable material culture across the globe for audiences to experience. Is there, and can there be more to what meets the eye?

At face value the blockbuster model has been a source of revenue for museums worldwide, and the ground base for an industry to flourish. Vastari’s latest blogpost does hint at a game of wait and see, where museums are postponing their shows amid a surprising sense of collegiality and collaboration. Costs and expenses are, nevertheless, on the table. It might be the case that prototyping new models is the way forward might address the need for an industry that requires much more elasticity. Business diversification is now a necessary requirement but there is also space and potential for new pedagogical experiences that are more focused, educational and enriching.

The blockbuster exhibition itself has been under scrutiny in recent years. American art historian James Beck had, way back in 2001, claimed that the rise of technology-driven experiences would make the movement of works of art relatively unnecessary. Beck also questions the pedagogical relevance of the blockbuster idea where relevance is much more pertinent to the scholar than to the public at large. Beck’s paper, published in Notes in the History of Art was aptly titled The End of the Blockbuster Exhibitions? and his concerns were also shared by others over time. In more recent times Colin Tweedy, chief executive of Arts & Business, argues that the blockbuster model was killing art, besides the funding and resources required for such endeavours. Tweedy’s concerns, shared by many others, stem from the need for exhibitions to empower better access, viewing and understanding of art, certainly beyond the constraints of the blockbuster crowds. That feeling is shared by many in the art world.

The COVID-19 pandemic has ignited the debate once again, and the doubts are stronger than ever before. One of the latest contributions on the subject to feature on Art Newspaper, penned by Director of Exhibitions and Strategic Initiatives at the Brooklyn Museum, Sharon Matt Atkins, advocates a major rethink of the travelling exhibition project idea. This, Atkins reiterates, is “an opportunity to reimagine different exhibition models, while still providing similar motivators that originally drove the blockbuster trend.” Andrew Dixon goes further. In his contribution aptly entitled Bye bye, blockbusters: can the art world adapt to Covid-19? Dixon quotes Frances Morris, Director of Tate Modern, and her frustration that the blockbuster exhibition has somehow and somewhat diverted museums from their core mission. Morris too concedes that the footfall-driving blockbuster exhibition with star loans shipped across the globe might have had their day. Kate Brown shares a similar opinion in her latest piece on Artnet. The title says it all – Is the age of the blockbuster exhibition over? A perfect storm of challenges suggests it may be a thing of the past.

At this point in time, as funding is fast becoming a major stumbling block and relevance much more concerned with breaking new grounds bridging digital and virtual, I feel strongly about a new travelling exhibition model, particularly for the art museum, that can be one of the potential alternatives addressing a wider and broader business diversification for the industry.

The low-cost airline industry

There is much that the industry can explore and benefit from when looking closely at the low-cost airline industry and which can inform new travelling exhibition prototypes. The industry’s early years date back to 1970s North America, best described as a sequence of innovations and proliferations. It has certainly evolved and developed since then. The business model is, in short, an amalgam of low pricing, point to point frequency routes, online ticketing systems, streamlined use of aircraft models, secondary airports usage and highly-productive staff. It is not the business model in its entirety that can suggest analogies with low-cost travelling exhibition models but key elements do hold potential to inform a leaner and more relevant travelling exhibition model.

By going for the medium to small size museum as the new main client base, by shedding travel costs in the choice of material culture mixes by having fewer objects but of higher cultural value or significance, by increasing the frequency and range of these lightweight travelling exhibitions and by streamlining and extending visitor time via online ticketing systems, the low-cost travelling exhibition can indeed become a sustainable model. This new proposal on the market would not exclude bigger and more articulate exhibition projects, perhaps leaner versions of the standard blockbuster exhibition. Indeed, this new breed of low-cost exhibitions would not exclude the bigger international museums from their potential client base either. This new model would help the industry diversify, invest in agility and become more relevant.

There is one overriding ambition that this new touring exhibition model can also address and that would be slow looking. The concept was first conceived by Project Zero, a research and development center at the Harvard Graduate School of Education founded by Philosopher Nelson Goodman in 1967 with the purpose of understanding and enhancing learning, thinking and creativity for individuals and groups in the arts and other disciplines. It has also been experimented by the Tate museum in London, particularly with regards to art and also became the topic of a book published in 2017 and written by Shari Tishman4, Senior Research Associate at Project Zero. Tishman defines slow looking as a mode of learning, a means of gaining knowledge through observation. The main goal would be to move beyond the first impression to engage with a more immersive experience fostering critical and creative thinking. By going for a smaller selection of works, also due to circumstances, travelling exhibitions can increase their potential as educational experiences and become visual literacy experiences through the slow looking experience.

The concept in wireframe format

The slow looking travelling exhibition model can also be described as a low-cost, lightweight variant of the blockbuster. It can expand and contract accordingly so long as the core values that shape this new model remain central to the thinking behind it. I propose a quick sketch of the model, certainly in need of more work and polish, particularly if it is taken up and stress tested in the appropriate wind tunnel – pun intended.

My wireframe is split in two sections to be broadly understood as a tentative supply – demand equation. On one hand, the experience is the proposal that is on offer. At the other end, the audience is the knowledge “consumer” base who will access the experience.

Experience Values

This component would combine a leaner repertoire of material culture including objects with high-end interpretation presented across multiple platforms of which the physical would still be the lynchpin experience.

Less objects, more cultural value

This is a crucial mix to consider and can vary between a greater number of artefacts with relatively lesser cultural value to a smaller, more contained selection, having much more relevance and significance. In any case, the selection needs to be contained in order to make possible a slow learning experience.

High storytelling content

Rather than focus on the once in a lifetime opportunity which is generally the case for the blockbuster exhibition, the interpretative contours would require high-end storytelling content that would support slow looking experiences in creative ways. This would also include an increase in digital content.

Transmedia experience

Transmedia storytelling is defined by Henry Jenkins as a process whereby integral elements of a fiction get dispersed systematically across multiple delivery channels for the purpose of creating a unified and coordinated entertainment experience. Ideally, each medium makes it own unique contribution to the unfolding of the story. Jenkins presented his ideas on transmedia way back in 2003, but the thinking can be traced all the way back to Walt Disney and his ambition to create a multi-platform narrative universe.

The experience which (i) and (ii) would jointly create would be presented on multiple platforms accessible before and after the direct physical experience of visiting the exhibition. In this way, the slow looking exhibition concept would be accessible for a longer stretch of time and accessible to new audiences that might be prevalently netizens but with the potential interest to visit.

The mix of viewing times, beyond the physical visit, and online ticketing systems covering access across platforms, would help bring the experience much more within reach of potential audiences.

Audience values

This is where accessibility would need to be understood in new ways, beyond the traditional visit to the physical experience. The mix of viewing times, beyond the physical visit, and online ticketing systems covering access across platforms, would help bring the experience much more within reach of potential audiences.

Extended mix of viewing times

The need to reach out to potential publics and audiences across a wider range of platforms would also require a varied mix of viewing time, including access levels for complementary albeit stand-alone digital and virtual experiences.

Online ticketing systems 

The low-cost airline industry can be a direct source of inspiration as far as online ticketing systems are concerned. Given the multi-platform experience which transmedia potentially holds for the industry to develop, services across platforms might require just one ticket to access.

Pay-per-use and access in tiers

The use of transmedia thinking would lead potential users to access the experience across time and physical space, as frequently as required also beyond the physical visit. Should the experience be presented in tiers, this could also help with monetisation.

A model worth testing?

I do think this is. Indeed, it is a mere sketch, a preliminary idea that would need to be tested further but, more than the need to reinvent itself in response to the dire economic circumstances that the industry might be facing, this is perhaps the right time for new models to have meaning and purpose.

This is an edited version of the original published on Teo Journal.

Josh Goldblum
Original paper on MuseumNext >

For years, I had a deep skepticism of Augmented Reality (AR). While I could see the revolutionary potential of AR in the distant future, when devices like Google Glass, Apple Glasses or Mojo Lens would become ubiquitous and mainstream, the present state of AR seems riddled with poor UX and gimmicks. Whether it is an unnecessary layer of confusion to a product, like a billboard that requires you to download an app or AR-animated children’s books (as a parent, limiting screen time is hard enough as it is) these explorations didn’t inspire confidence. It wasn’t until this year that I really understood the potential of the technology. The realization came about thanks to my son, a popular app, and that all-too-common boredom that takes over when you’re waiting in line at pre-COVID Disney World.

Back in early 2020, a month before COVID would shudder the parks, I took my son to Disney World for the first time. As the two of us stood in line at Haunted Mansion, me trying to introduce my son to the Happiest Place on Earth and him getting increasingly restless, I finally gave up my phone and let him play a game: Pokémon GO. Pokémon GO is a massive AR scavenger hunt game that allows players to compete and collect location specific Pokémon. Here we are in the heart of the Disney empire, and to my surprise it had been fully and aggressively populated with Pokémon GO PokeStops and “gyms.”

Even in the very heart of Disney’s Magic Kingdom, Pokémon had staked its claim. There stands a statue of Walt Disney holding hands with Mickey, Cinderla’s castle towering in the background. To say it’s a popular place to take a family picture or a selfie, would be a massive understatement. It’s also a PokeStop. While tourists queued to take pictures my son eagerly challenged other Pokémon trainers and collected rare Pokémon. He was ecstatic by what he was seeing and it seemed to have much more to do with Pokémon brand IP than the famed IP of Disney Corporation.

Pokémon, which I promise is not a Disney brand, had mapped their location-based AR game on top of Disney’s entire theme park. While the park has physical fences to keep unwanted visitors out, they have not found a way to digitally geo-fence a place to restrict AR interactions. Niantic, the game developer, does allow a property to request to have their locations removed from the game, but it’s up to Niantic to comply or not. Disney, famously protective of their brand and careful about the visitor experience at their parks, can’t be happy about this.

What is AR, when used right? It is one world used as the substrate to view other worlds. Just as my son experienced Disney’s theme park through Pokémon’s AR filters, the best AR puts new lenses on the world around us, adding new interpretations. The Urban Archive app sends New Yorkers push notifications when they are near the sites of historic photos from the NYPL’s archives. The Slavery at Monticello app features location-specific content that adds to the experience of exploring Thomas Jefferson’s home. NO AD took an almost adversarial approach, using AR to replace billboards with art for an experiment in real-life ad blocking. These applications of AR rewrite the world around us, without boundaries or restrictions.

MuseumNext published over 20 long form articles on Museum Marketing. These explain everything from how to get free advertising from Google to how to write for the web to how to work with social media influencers…

These long form articles from Devon Taylor offer lots of great advice whether you are new to museum marketing or a seasoned pro.